27
          
        
        
          
            merchandising sales. These values are
          
        
        
          
            proportional to the value generated by the
          
        
        
          
            sum of the single teams' budget. Bottom
          
        
        
          
            line, if we multiply the sum of the teams'
          
        
        
          
            sponsorships by two, we can have a pretty
          
        
        
          
            realistic representation».
          
        
        
          
            We're asking your opinion about
          
        
        
          
            another hot topic. Do you think there
          
        
        
          
            will be any space for small
          
        
        
          
            manufacturers in the future, or there
          
        
        
          
            will only be topmanufacturers
          
        
        
          
            around?
          
        
        
          
            «The future will always depend on the
          
        
        
          
            contest and the market. Le Mans is an
          
        
        
          
            unique race, and its commercial outcome
          
        
        
          
            reverberates throughout the whole year. It
          
        
        
          
            justifies the long-term commitment of
          
        
        
          
            some major car manufacturers like
          
        
        
          
            Porsche, Audi, Peugeot, Toyota and
          
        
        
          
            Mercedes.
          
        
        
          
            At the top of the pyramid (in F.1 and
          
        
        
          
            Nascar) only the large manufacturers can
          
        
        
          
            turn their entries into a profit because
          
        
        
          
            they can win on Sunday, and sell on
          
        
        
          
            Monday. In Nascar, the manufacturers
          
        
        
          
            assumed the control of the teams, directly
          
        
        
          
            or indirectly, and secured their loyalty
          
        
        
          
            with long-term contracts. Wind tunnels,
          
        
        
          
            simulators, engine and transmission
          
        
        
          
            dynos  are necessary to compete at the
          
        
        
          
            highest levels. They all require huge
          
        
        
          
            investments and frequent technology
          
        
        
          
            upgrades. And for this reasons, they
          
        
        
          
            become inaccessible to the regular
          
        
        
          
            independent teams. In terms of the classic
          
        
        
          
            "access to the market" scheme, these are
          
        
        
          
            actually true barriers to entry and exit.
          
        
        
          
            The teams are required to provide
          
        
        
          
            specialized personnel but not the capital
          
        
        
          
            itself, so they are not entitled with the
          
        
        
          
            biggest share of the profits coming from
          
        
        
          
            such risky investments. The specialized
          
        
        
          
            personnel includes the mechanics, the
          
        
        
          
            engineers and all the professionals
          
        
        
          
            bringing a specific know-how.
          
        
        
          
            Unfortunately, the more the specialization
          
        
        
          
            level grows, the more replaceable the staff
          
        
        
          
            becomes, because their knowledge ages
          
        
        
          
            pretty fast. As a consequence, it's difficult
          
        
        
          
            to find people with decades of experience
          
        
        
          
            in racing so the same technical, strategic
          
        
        
          
            and relationship mistakes tend to be
          
        
        
          
            repeated».
          
        
        
          
            Who are themen that so far did the
          
        
        
          
            best job in exploiting the economic
          
        
        
          
            potential of racing?
          
        
        
          
            «In terms of personal business, I would
          
        
        
          
            say Sir Jackie Stewart and evenmore than
          
        
        
          
            him Bernie Ecclestone. In terms of the
          
        
        
          
            corporate business, Ferrari did it perfectly.
          
        
        
          
            Also thanks to  their passion and to the
          
        
        
          
            participation to the Formula 1
          
        
        
          
            championship, they are able to sell
          
        
        
          
            thousand of road cars per year at a more
          
        
        
          
            than adequate price. In a more general
          
        
        
          
            context, it's really interesting to asses the
          
        
        
          
            dynamics of Red Bull, as they take part in
          
        
        
          
            many initiatives, from powerboat racing
          
        
        
          
            to aerobatic flight, from the space
          
        
        
          
            endeavours to motor racing. I can't tell if
          
        
        
          
            Red Bull can have an economic return
          
        
        
          
            from all of that, but I hope to see their
          
        
        
          
            presence will remain stable through the
          
        
        
          
            coming years. Without Red Bull, we
          
        
        
          
            wouldn't have Formula 1 as we know it
          
        
        
          
            now».
          
        
        
          
            The start of St. Petersburg race